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Entries written by: Ronnie W. Faulkner

Dr. Faulkner holds an M.A. in History from East Carolina University and a Ph.D. in History from the University of South Carolina. He authored Jesse Helms and the Legacy of Nathaniel Macon (Wingate, 1998). He has also written entries for the Dictionary of North Carolina Biography (Chapel Hill, 1994-1996) and the Encyclopedia of North Carolina (Chapel Hill, 2006), and he has contributed to journals such as the North Carolina Historical Review, Tennessee Historical Quarterly, and The Historian

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Furnifold McLendel Simmons (1854-1940) Encyclopedia

A Democratic Congressman and U.S. Senator, Furnifold M. Simmons was born on January 20, 1854 to Furnifold Green, Jr., and Mary McLendel Jerman Simmons of Jones County, North Carolina.  A leader in the "white supremacy" movement during the late 1890s, Simmons played an instrumental role in the disfranchisement of African Americans in North Carolina and served thirty years in the U.S. Senate, where his most notable achievements were obtaining funds for the Intercoastal Waterway and ensuring lower tariff rates and the passage of the Underwood-Simmons Tariff. 

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